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Classification

There are a few classifications of Uzbek dialects.

  • Zarubin's Classification (1925)
  • Tashkent dialect
  • Ferghana dialect
  • Samarkand-Bukhara dialect
  • Khiva dialect
  • Yudakhin's Classification (1929)
  • Tashkent dialect
  • Ferghana dialect
  • Kypchak dialect
  • Kharezm-Oghuz dialect
  • Northern Uzbek dialects
  • Polivanov's Classification (1933)
  • Chaghatay Dialect Group:
    • Iranized dialects:
  1. Samarkand-Bukhara subgroup (Samarkand-Bukhara-Khodjand type);
  2. Tashkent subgroup (Tashkent and surrounding dialects: Khanabad, Telov);
    • Transitional Dialects: Non-harmonized dialects
  3. Kokand-Marghilan Subgroup;
  4. Andijan-Shahrikhan Subgroup.
    • 4-a type: Chartak type Or Uyghur type Or Umlauted dialects: Namangan, Chartak, Shohand;
  5. Harmonized Ferghana Village dialects: Saray, Yolguzar, Ganjiravan, Kataghan.
    • Non-Iranized dialects:
  6. Northern Uzbek City type dialects: Turkistan-Chimkent (J-type dialects of the Uzbek Kypchak dialect);
  7. Northern Uzbek Village type dialects: Saroy-Andijan, Yolguzar, Mankent,Karabulak.
  • Oghuz Dialect Group:
  1. Southern Kharezm group dialects (Khiva, Yangiurgench, Shavat, Gazavat, Hazarasp, Yangiariq, Khanka);
  2. Northern Oghuz group dialects (Ikan, Karabulak).
  • Kypchak Dialect Group:
  1. Middle Kharezm: Southern Kharezm group dialects: Gurlan, Baghat, Shabbaz; Baghdan dialect in Jizzakh;
  2. Northern Kharezm: Xodjayli, Kypchak, Konghirat, Manghit);
  3. O-type dialects:Kazakh-Nayman, Ferghana-Karakalpak dialects;
  4. Kurama dialects: Akhangaran valley;
  5. Northern Uzbek dialects: Suzak, Chalakurghan village dialects in Turkistan;
  6. Middle Uzbek: kirk dialect and others;
  7. Southern Uzbek dialects: Lakay, Kypchak dialects in Afghanistan.
  • Ghozi Olim Yunusov's Classification (1935)
  • Uzbek-Kypchak Dialect Group:

This dialect group is divided into 4 subgroups:

  1. Kirk dialect: between Djizzakh and Samarkand
  2. Jalayir-Lakay dialect: Tajikistan va Kyrgyzstan
  3. Kypchak dialect: Andijan province: Kurghantepa, Jalalkuduk, Oyim districts
  4. Gurlan dialect: Kharezm province Gurlan district

Area:

  • Akhangaran valley, Mirzachol, Oratepa, Samarkand, Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya
  • Northern Kharezm, Andijan, Namangan, Ferghana cities
  • Karakalpakstan: Kypchak, Chimbay, Konghirat districts
  • Lakay and Kurghantepa of Tajikistan, Kabodiyon, Seraykamar, Kulab
  • Northern parts of Afghanistan
  • Turk-Barlas Dialect Group:

This dialect group is also divided into 4 subgroups:

  1. Sayram-Chimkent
  2. Tashkent-Xos
  3. Andijan
  4. Namangan

Area:

  • Tashkent, Kokand, Namangan, Andijan, Marghilan
  • Very few: Samarkand, Bukhara, Kashkadarya
  • Kazakhstan: Chimkent, Sayram
  • Khiva-Urganch (Turk-Karluk) Dialect Group:

This dialect group is divided into 2 subgroups:

  1. Khiva
  2. Karluk

Area:

  • Khiva
  • Khonka
  • Ghazavat
  • Shahabad
  • Kat
  • Tashavuz
  • Eski Urgench
  • Yangi Urgench
  • Hazarasp
  • Turtkul
  • Borovkov's Classification (1940, 1953)

1st-version (1940)

  • O-type Dialect Groups

City dialects: Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Kattakurghan, Andijan, Kokand, Marghilan, Ferghana, Karshi , Jizzakh and others;

  • A-type Dialect Groups

Dialects which kept vowel harmony:

1) Y-type Dialects: Cities in Southern Kazakhstan: Chimkent, Mankent, Turkestan

2) J-type Dialects: Village dialects: Northern Kharezm, Surkhandarya, Samarkand provinces

2nd-version (1953)

  • Middle Uzbek Dialect:

1) Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Ferghana;

2) Northern Uzbek Dialect:Chimkent, Sayram, Djambul, Marki and some dialects of Southern Kazakhstan;

  • Shaybani-Uzbek or J-type Dialect Groups

Samarkand, Bukhara, some dialects of Surkhandarya Province and Akhangaran valley, Kypchak and Karakalpak dialects of Northern Kharezm and Ferghana valley;

  • Southern Khareazm Dialect

Khonka, Hazarasp, Shavat, Yangiarik, Ghazavat, Shurakhan and surrounding villages.

  • Special type dialects

1) Karabulak, Ikan, Mankent dialects;

2) Umlauted dialects.

  • Reshetov's Classification (1959)
  • Kypchak Dialect Group:

Kazakh-Nayman dialect in Samarkand province, Ferghana-Karakalpak dialects, Kurama dialects in Akhangaran valley.

  • Oghuz Dialect Group:

Khiva, Khanqa, Shavat, Khazarasp, Ghazavat, Shurakhan, Urgench. Also, Dashoghuz, Turtkul; and some Northern Uzbek Dialect Groups: Karabulak, some elements found in Mankent, Ikan, Karamurt; Baghdan village in Djizzakh Province.

  • Karluk-Chigil-Uyghur Dialect Group:

Tashkent, Namangan, Andijan, Ferghana,Marghilan, Kokand; Afghanistan

  • Ferghana Group:
    • Namangan dialect: Uychi, Charbagh;
    • Andijan-Shahrikhan: Andijan city, Shahrikhan, some dialects in Andijan province;
    • Osh-Uzgen dialect: Osh, Uzgen, Jalalabad-Kyrgyzstan;
    • Marghilan-Kokand, Vadil.
  • Tashkent Group:
    • Tashkent dialect: Tashkent city, Pskent, Parkent, Karakhitay.
    • Djizzakh dialect: Tashkent and Samarkand provinces, Djizzakh, Khavas; Polati, Molati, Bayterek dialects of Kashkadarya valley;
  • Karshi Group:
    • Karshi,Shahrisabz, Kitab, Yakkabagh(except j-type dialect groups);
    • Samarkand-Bukhara dialect: Samarkand,Bukhara, Leninabad(Khujand), Kasan dialect of Kashkadarya valley, Ferghana valley, Chust.
  • Northern Uzbek Group: Southern Kazakhstan:
    • Ikan-Karabulak dialect: Ikan, Karabulak, Mankent, Karamurt.
    • Turkistan-Chimkent dialect: Turkistan, Chimkent, Sayram.
  • Ulugh Tursunov's Classification (1963)
  • Y-type Dialect Group
    • Samarkand and surrounding city dialects
    • Djizzakh, Kattakurghan; Barlas dilects of Mitan and Karatepa
    • Usmat-Turk, Barlas
    • Dialect of Samarkand Arabs: Pastdargham, Ishtikhan, Kattakurghan
    • Karnab
    • Forish, Baghdan
    • Iranian dilects of Samarkand and Djizzakh cities
    • Turkmen dialects of Samarkand province Pastdargham district
  • J-type Dialect Group
    • Eastern: Kypchak dialects of Gallaaral, Zamin, Djizzakh, Forish (Karabdal), Bulunghur, Jambay, Payarik, Urgut and Samarkand districts
    • Western: Pastdargham, Kattakurghan, Guzalkent, Nurabad, Narpay, Paxtachi, Khatirchi, Kushrabad, Nurata district